After the murder of Duncan Nothing goes Right for Macbeth and his Wife Essay

Shakespeare previously indicated Macbeth in the court of a recently delegated King James the First. A few people would contend that in places this was composed as a bit of honeyed words for James the first. James was intended to be a relative of Banquos’ and in this manner Shakespeare demonstrates Banquo to be a valiant and gallant character all through the play. In any case, Shakespeare must be cautious what he said in the play, as he didn’t need to agitate the King. This play could be composed as a bit of purposeful publicity or an admonition to anyone who conflicted with the King. The play bolsters the Stuarts regulation of the â€Å"Divine Right† of rulers. This expresses lords are selected by God and in this manner conflicting with them is as corrupt as conflicting with God himself, the best discipline ought to be set against anyone who does as such. This is demonstrated right through the play up until the passing of Macbeth himself. Macbeth begins the play as an extraordinary legend and is very much regarded by his individual masters and companions. He has demonstrated himself to be an extraordinary warrior and is alluded to by some as â€Å"Bellona’s Bridegroom† who assisted with sparing Scotland from intrusion by the King of Norway and an assault by MacDonald. Macbeth is profoundly respected by the King, who considers Macbeth a â€Å"valiant cousin, commendable gentleman†. Macbeth is remunerated, by the King, the job of Thane of Cawdor after the past Thane end up being a backstabber and dictator. Be that as it may, before the finish of the play Macbeth is despised by all and is viewed as a trickster and despot. I accept that had Macbeth not have killed Duncan, he would have carried on his great name and perhaps picked up the job of King without successfully gain it. We can see that Macbeth begins to experience the ill effects of the homicide straightforwardly after when he says that he thinks he hears a voice: Methought I hear a voice cry ‘Sleep no more! Macbeth murders sleep’, This could be viewed as the initial segment of Macbeths discipline for killing the ruler. He has been reviled with the goal that he can no longer rest since he has killed the ruler while he dozes. We can see this is genuine in light of the fact that all through the remainder of the play Macbeth doesn't rest soundly once more. Macbeth knows since he will never be pardoned for what he has done and very quickly laments his activities and wishes that he could fix it. Macbeth freezes after he carries out the thing and he kills Duncans watches before anybody goes into the room. He feels that this will be viewed as a demonstration of mental fortitude and faithfulness to the King however doesn’t understand that rather he is getting freed the main others that could have been accused for the homicide and removed the doubt from himself and woman Macbeth. In doing this Macbeth attracts doubt to himself straight away from Macduff who says, â€Å"Wherefore did you so?†. This is the first occasion when we see Macduffs doubts and they carry on to the finish of the play at which time he proceeds to kill Macbeth himself. Macbeth acknowledges Macduff and doesn't have a sense of security. Macduff shows the degree of his perspective on the homicide of Duncan by not going to the crowning ritual of Macbeth. Macbeth sees this and his dread develops. In the wake of turning out to be King, Macbeth understands that it brings him nothing more. He turns out to be increasingly more dubious of Banquo, who is starting to inquiry Macbeth over the homicide of Duncan. Macbeth acknowledges how enormous of a danger Banquo could be to him and says: To be along these lines is nothing, In any case, to be securely accordingly: our feelings of dread in Banquo Stick profound. Macbeth is continually tormented by the witches prescience of the desendants of Banquo turning out to be King. On the off chance that it were valid, at that point Macbeth could never constructed a genuine line. Macbeth abhors this idea and we see it plague him all trough the play. We at that point see Macbeths change. He arranges Banquo and Fleance to be killed. However, in contrast to the main, his better half isn't included and he employs lawbreakers to do it for him as opposed to carrying out the thing himself. This, as I would see it, is the first occasion when we see Macbeth going only it and keep woman Macbeth separate from his arrangements. Macbeth accepts that by killing Banquo and his child he will forestall the second prediction from working out as expected and put his psyche very still. Be that as it may, the arrangement isn't totally effective and Fleance get away. Macbeths responds to this by saying: At that point comes my fit again:I had else been great Macbeth is stating that on the off chance that that had not have turned out badly, at that point it would have been great yet now it has brought back his unsettlement in such a case that Fleance despite everything lives that implies that the prescience may at present work out as expected. His sentiment of failing to have any fulfillment of ruler comes back to him. Macbeth at that point has a meal with every one of his rulers and women and he parts with the game. He sees the phantom of Banquo sitting in a seat and in his stun and frenzy he starts to yell out in franticness pardons for what he has done. Woman Macbeth attempts to conceal for him yet Macbeth continues. The rulers become always dubious as comprehend what Macbeth has done. After the rulers have gone Macbeth mentions to his better half what he done to Banqou and I think this is when Lady Macbeth acknowledges what her significant other has transformed into and what Kingship has brought him and her. After the banquet the masters start to feel that Macbeth is definitely not a commendable ruler, alluding to the dining experience as the â€Å"tyrants feast†. Lennox alludes to the circumstance as: ‘our enduring nation Under a hand accurs’d’ This implies Scotland is under the standard of a hand (Macbeth) which is disgraceful or terrible. This discloses to us that Macbeth is developing increasingly more disagreeable inside the rulers and he has now lost the entirety of the regard and ‘good name’ that they once gave him. Macbeth starts to fall always into despair and goes to see the witches for some more guidance. They reveal to him that he is protected and gives a sentiment of security. Macbeth currently feels much improved however the witches at that point deny him of any bliss by reconfirming Banquos relatives turning out to be ruler by demonstrating him a picture of lords to come who all look like Banquo. Macbeth is presently unhappier than any time in recent memory and we can see the full degree of which being best has brought definitely no fulfillment at all. Macbeth, in his misery, says: ‘I am in blood Stepp’d in so far that should I swim no more, Returning were as dull as go’er. This shows us a violent perspective on him swimming through the entirety of the blood of his casualties and to turn around and attempt to do right would be as hard or ‘tedious’ as it is polish off what he has begun and to continue with the homicides. Macbeth has at this point lost the entirety of his benevolence and any empathy that he once had. His rulers are gradually abandoning him and his better half and him are further separated than any time in recent memory. From the earliest starting point of the play Macduff has associated Macbeth with the homicide of Duncan and he presently has confirmation enough to escape to England and join Malcolm. Macbeth has now turned harsh and curved and promises that he will presently do whatever he considers the results: ‘From this second The very firstlings of my heart will be The firstlings of my hand.’ Macbeth at that point chooses to carry out his more terrible thing yet, he arranges the homicide of Macduffs spouse and kid. This shows Macbeths masters straightforwardly that he is a genuine despot and only a bleeding executioner. He presently loses significantly more help when Ross leaves him. In addition to the fact that he loses bolster he gives Macduff much more purpose behind retribution and makes Macduff significantly progressively anxious to topple him. Macbeth presently understands that he has lost all his help and that he is despised over all the land and is near depression. At this point Macbeth has lost every single human inclination that he once had and in any event, when he learns of his wife’s passing he essentially disregards it saying, â€Å"she would have kicked the bucket hereafter†. All sentiments of affection or scorn or blameworthy have now been cleaned from him and he is presently an unpleasant and dormant individual. He starts to accept that life has no significance. At the point when Macbeth learns of Macduffs approaching he isn't apprehensive and says, â€Å"I won't yield†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ lay on Macduff†, he is stating that he won't retreat yet rather will hang tight for Macduff and take him on. Macbeth isn't apprehensive any longer and now just hangs tight for his destiny. Macbeth battles to his demise and winds up being murdered by Macduff in the last showdown. We can see Lady Macbeths moderate winding of misery all through the play to the point of self destruction. She began as a yearning lady who was infatuated and who needs only the best for spouse. She aids the homicide and attempts her hardest to make her better half addition Kingship. Toward the starting she was in finished control of her significant other and the marriage yet by the end she loses the entirety of this and Macbeth gives no consideration at all to her. Being sovereign gives her positively no fulfillment and understands that the entirety of the plans were simply a total exercise in futility. I accept that after the homicide of Duncan nothing goes directly for Macbeth and his better half. It inevitably pushes Lady Macbeth to self destruction and causes the homicide of Macbeth himself. I accept that on the off chance that they had not completed the homicide, at that point Macbeth would have kept his great name and possibly the witches predictions would have worked out with no support. Macbeth had everything and ought to have been appreciative for it. Woman Macbeth got voracious and ought to have let her significant other do what he needed to as opposed to driving him into the underlying homicide.

Case Study Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Example

Contextual investigation Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Example Contextual investigation Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay Contextual investigation Of Taman Negara Malaysia Tourism Essay In this investigation I will examine a touristry site with explicit biological significance to it. For this I have concentrated on picking a section with downpour backwoods as I feel they are an of import factor of biological equalization in the given planetary warming condition with expanding contamination in the vibe. After my underlying chase on searching for downpour woodlands, I limited on Asia explicitly to Malaysia given its created monetary framework with a rich history of 1000s of mature ages old downpour timberlands despite everything safeguarded with no mediation. I feel this would be an of import factor in my decision similar to a created state it is straightforward progressively about the state s rich geographic part as there would be lesser phonetic correspondence obstructions with more research and cognizance alongside effortlessness in making these topographic focuses. Since the downpour timberlands are in excess of thousand mature ages old, it would be fairly basic f or the planetary ecotourism to keep this topographic point the most ideal way. It would other than hold an of import topographic point in eco touristry as its one of only a handful hardly any topographic focuses remaining on Earth which despite everything has vegetations and zoologies going back 1000s of mature ages back. Tropical downpour woods give an uncommon and important situation of advancement and biology. It is a topographic point where there is age old species alongside decent variety of species which exist together in this condition to flexibly biological system administrations like H2O, food, vitality cycling which is somewhat basic for our planet. Of the considerable number of environments, downpour timberlands are one of the most because of their huge figure of species and C shops. Downpour woods are straight capable keeping neighborhood environmental and cultural conditions, if non great oversaw it will do disability of local conditions and species dissemination would occupy. Over the mature ages, rather little has been accomplished by rainforest sparing movements, endeavors made to chop down both rainforest deforestation and diminishment have accomplished little. Existing ecological and political gatherings have demonstrated to be of little guide to environment as there is as yet a major figure of rainforest lumbermans runing for business associations. Rainforest misfortune and diminishment is devouring the Earth of its vitalizing mantle and subsequently it is of import that the environmental manageability movement concede to stoping essential wood logging and ensuring and reproducing precipitation woodlands. 2. Scholarly evaluating Modeler Ceballos-Lascurain was one of the underlying exploration laborers to think of meaning of ecotourism. He expressed that: We may indicate biological touristry or ecotourism as that touristry that includes going to similarly undisturbed or uncontaminated regular nations with the particular object of examining, turn upward toing and lolling the landscape and its wild workss and vivify creatures, each piece great as any bing social features found in these nations. ( Ceballos-Lascurain, 1987: 13 ) During the clasp when he thought of this definition, ecotourism previously existed in arranged pieces of the Earth. For outline in the 1960 s there was substantial over-use in the North American national Parkss with traffic clog and following effects, for example, dissolving. During this clasp, Yosemite National Park pulled in 1.7 million visitants for each annum ( Johnson, 1967 ) . In the ongoing mature ages, other environmental research laborers have altered, broadened and created army ecotourism definitions including Blamey ( 1997 ) , Fennell and Eagles ( 1989 ) and so forth. Definitions are to a great extent dependent on the significance of writing with the meaning of ecotourism. Grouped research laborers advocate that the varying meanings of ecotourism, in arranged national and local settings, are of import to both the flexibly and request sides of the ecotourism marvel. Commitments to the writing turn toing the meaning of ecotourism are wide in extend and differed in uprightnes s. In any case, it is of import that it is characterized so as to advance vigorous and generally perceived industry measures ( give side ) while other than working visitant inclusions in achieving the ecotourism encounters that they look for ( request side ) . From my reappraisal of grouped ecotourism definitions, I can conclude that some reference of protection, guidance, nearby proprietorship, maintainability and so forth while different definitions center around cardinal features, for example, have a network commitment , characteristic nations and so forth. The above definitions give a stage to build up or grow more distant activities of ecotourism congruity with definition. Here we will see 2 definitions by look into laborers to more distant comprehend the range accessible in ecotourism. In 1994, Ballantine and Eagles explored a few tourers to Kenya dependent on a particular definition comprising of three gauges. This standard was placed in topographic point in order to cognize a tourer s position as an ecotourist and their classification dependent on three measurements: the cultural inspiration ; the longing to see wild/undisturbed nations ; and a fleeting committedness. In another exploration in 1992 by Butler he built up an increasingly far reaching agenda of standard for the ecotourism position. This standard concentrated on the opposite side of the definitional graduated table. While it contained rather a group of aspects of definitions found all through the writing, these focuses place certain limitations on ecotourism administrators. For outline in the example of New Zealand where ecotourism administrators experience arranged guidelines for working which was recognized by Warren and Taylor ( 1994 ) . They deduce that a large portion of the ecotourism activities are little scope and family-claimed in this manner scarcely executable industrially. These norm and definitions other than make it obligatory for ecotourism tasks to limit the turn of events and developing of their business activities and in this manner focus on the goals of ecotourism. Another perusing of this definition by Orams ( 1995 ) , is to assume that ecotourism is non conceivabl e or that no ecotourism can run into the norms of perfectionist definitions. Thusly it is seen that there is sure every piece great as negative effects seen on the mildest signifier of ecotourism. In 2001, creator and ecotourism specialist Ceballos-Lascurain expressed that he put stock in ecotourism and non in eco purism . The end is to fit whatever number of the measures as could be expected under the circumstances while Lindberg and McKercher ( 1996: 65 ) recommend, supportable touristry is hypothesized from a positive generally speaking parity in ecological, experiential, sociocultural and monetary effects . The different complexities which exist in the meanings of ecotourism give out the general inoperability of this develop. These groupings in definitions could perchance be seen with a point of convergence on the financial and ecological components of ecotourism. Despite the talk of practical touristry improvement, monetary suitability is the main concern of feasible touristry tasks. Other ecotourism administrators other than face questioning boundaries to business suitability. By definition they ought to be little scope, undaunted in limiting the developing of business activities ( Butler, 1990 ) and, by finding, blinkered to financial hypothesis partner to monetary frameworks of graduated table. The suggestion that visitants are overseen by keeping a suitable proportion of ushers to visitants again carries with it monetary difficulties partner to valuing and business suitability. 3. Case overview Taman Negara National Park Starting: www.tamannegara.org The occurrence I would explicitly take would be on Taman Negara National Park of Peninsular Malaysia which is one of the biggest secured nation in Malaysia covering a nation of 434,350 hectares of downpour timberland. It is one of the most established downpour backwoods known to man, evaluated 130 million mature ages old. It is said to hold roughly 14500 blooming workss and trees, 600 types of feathered creatures, 200 types of vertebrates, 350 types of reptilians and army types of creepy crawlies and other life signifiers. I would wish to break down here how is this topographic point arranged from the emergency of commercialisation and conceivable stairss it can take to elevate the equivalent. There has been old research which has concentrated mostly on various components for feasible touristry all things considered there is non much research on the applicable features like cultural factor separated from business benefits. Social factor would incorporate the wellbeing and security of the tourer while visiting in such parts. Taman Negara must do its ain meaning of emergency by understanding its ain condition for potential threats and estimating occasions which would hold direct effect on the accomplishment of its end. It is other than basic to hold a base for the execution of developments, guidelines and mandates inside an association ; to sort out endeavors with the specialists to palliate impacts of such disasters. Like other concern exercises, ecotourism industry needs to deliver gross to monetarily delay while providing alone understanding and appealing powers to strive in this blossoming industry ( Weaver, 2008 ) . Business bookmans and practicians in like manner have contended those emergencies are unavoidable ( Perrow, 1994 ) . A review of the examination on Taman Negara shows that administration providers are overall incognizant of any proper development or framework to oversee emergency situation ( Hayati, D, Noryati A 2010 ) . This inadequacy of awareness could plan that in case of an exigency or emergency situation the overseers of the topographic point would be not able to respond in a positive mode. Moreover, the cognizance of fundamental emergency heading supposedly was less among the administration providers. Most do non give pr

How to Construct an Evaluation Essay

How to Construct an Evaluation EssaySamples of evaluation essays are available in the form of e-books, articles, books and many other places. These can be helpful tools that assist the reader in constructing an appropriate evaluation. To learn more about how to construct a good evaluation, the following discussion will help.The first step in the process is to analyze the essay. This can be done with the help of samples of evaluation essay. It is important to analyze the essay to find out what the student has already written. This can be done by looking at the subheadings, headlines, key facts and the paragraphs that make up the essay.After the essay has been analyzed, the next step is to decide what type of essay it should be. For example, there are three types of essays; critical analysis essays, reflective essays and open essay essays. Based on the type of essay selected, the teacher can select appropriate samples of evaluation essay to use.An open essay is an essay that questions an issue that has recently come to light or that has been up for some time already. Students who wish to have their essays evaluated in this manner need to choose a sample of evaluation essay that is free from opinion and is based solely on facts. There are many websites that offer such essays online that students can use.In the same way, there are two types of critical analysis essays. One type deals with public relations and is done by students who plan to go to law school. They analyze current events in the news to make their points in an objective manner.The second type is an essay that is intended to be very persuasive. Students who are looking to present their ideas to other people do not like to be evaluated based on opinion. This is because they think that such an evaluation would be insulting and they will not take the test seriously.A third type of essay that is very useful is the reflective essay. The fact that the essay is non-opinion-based means that students do not nee d to worry about how they feel about an issue. Instead, the best thing for them to do is to reflect on what they have learned from the essay. This is a very effective way of analyzing the essay and the student can use different samples of evaluation essay to help him or her to construct the essay in a convincing manner.Students who want to write a composition may consider coming up with their own method of analysis and decision making. Although these methods are not always as successful as the ones in the samples of evaluation essay, the students can still use some of the samples as a guideline for their own projects. As long as the students are committed to the task, then the benefits will be great.

Compensation And Benefits Of Employees - 1446 Words

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While benefits like on-site daycare would work wonders to attract and retain parents of small children, offering such a pricey perk to that is only useful to a certain segm ent of the employee pool can be off-putting to other workers. Finding the balance between the needs of the company, needs of the employees, and the perception of fairness is critical. Where compensation and benefits become a critical tool for human resources is talent retention. Much has been discussed lately regarding the female brain drain, where women are leaving corporate America in droves. There are many things human resources can do to mitigate this that if openShow MoreRelatedCompensation And Benefits Of Employees921 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in order to retain the solid, highly productive workforce it currently has in place, it is important to enhance the base compensation and benefits package offered to the employees. 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Fate And Free Will Oedipus The King - 1136 Words

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Written by Sophocles, Oedipus Rex is a play which combines tragedy with irony to tell a story of a noble king who falls short of his greatness. The play was written around 430 BC and originally intended for an Athenian audience. They considered Sophocles their most successful playwright and consequently, hisRead More Boundaries of Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King1282 Words   |  6 PagesBoundaries of Fate and Free Will in Oedipus the King    The ancient Greeks firmly believed that the universe was guided strictly by order and fate. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles has examined the relationship between free will and fate, suggesting that free will paradoxically exists inside the boundaries of fate. It may be concluded, however, that man has free will and is ultimately held responsible for his own actions.    Oedipus destruction was brought about by a combination of fate and free

Strategic Analysis of Burberry Plc Free Essays

Introduction Strategic development is concerned with the direction and scope of an organization over the long term, which involves the development and deployment of its resources and competencies, through which it achieves competitive advantage in a changing environment. All organizations, whether big or small and regardless of their field of business, are faced with the challenge of strategic development. The challenge can come up from a desire to grasp new opportunities or to overcome significant problems (Johnson, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis of Burberry Plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay deals with the strategic development of Burberry, a UK designer brand that was close to being consigned to history a few years ago, to becoming popular fashion brand in the world. Burberry currently ranks at 51st in FTSE 100 index with a market capitalization of over ?6.5bn (Stocks Challenge, 2012). The essay will analyze the company’s corporate and business level strategy using the market and resource based view – highlighting which one of these, should the company focus on in order to compete effectively within its current market. Background Burberry is an iconic British brand established since 1856 and has been in international business since 1910, having presence in US, Asia, and mainland Europe. In late 1990s, the company was tumbling due to lack of good strategic direction, and at the end of 1998’s financial year Burberry saw its annual profits reduced from ?62 million to ?25 million. The company desperately needed strategic redirection to regain its iconic status. The company restructured its business model in terms of product development, manufacturing, distribution, and market communications. By the end of year 2011, the company’s profit rose to ?295.7 million and ?1.5bn in revenues (The Telegraph, 2011). Overview of Burberry’s Corporate and Business Level Strategies Corporate level strategy deals with the mission and scope of an organization and determines how value can be added to a business (Johnson et al 2006). In the past decade, Burberry has reinvented itself from being a manufacturer of outerwear apparels into a luxurious, stylish and inspirational lifestyle brand. The company started offering trendy fashion goods along with its regular products. In addition to its strategic repositioning, Burberry underwent expansion through opening of new stores in the current markets as well as international expansion in Mid East, Asia Pacific, Americas, and South Asia (Moore and Birtwistle, 2004). Business level strategy focuses on competing in particular markets (Johnson et al 2006). At a business level, Burberry adopted the strategy of intensifying its non apparel product lines and accelerated its retail led growth. Burberry started to live-stream a fashion show through which it allowed customers to purchase products straight from the catwalk. A social networking site was introduced as part of the company’s marketing communication to deepen the relationship with customers and attract new ones (Design Council, 2012). Burberry’s Resources Burberry’s unique resources include its high brand equity, its popular trench coat product and its signature check design. Burberry, having a long history of establishment, has acquired great brand equity. The brand was commissioned to serve the soldiers in World War 1 to adapt officers’ coats for conditions of contemporary warfare in trenches. Burberry has twice received a Royal warrant; once by Queen Elizabeth II and once by Prince Charles, which means that the company can publicize that they are the supplier of products to the royal family (Instyle, 2012). These historic accomplishments have added great value to the brand. Burberry has a very popular trench coat product line which also serves as its unique resource. The origin of this product dates back to World War I when the company produced trench coats for soldiers. The trench coat accounts for 30% of all the company’s sale (The Telegraph, 2011). Burberry has set up a dedicated social networking site called ‘The art of Trench’ over which it shares images of people wearing Burberry trench coats. The website showcases images from professional photographers and is partly user generated. The website has a fan following of more than 7 million users (Design Counsil, 2012). The website is part of the company’s marketing communication campaign dedicated for its trench coat product line. In addition to that, the company has a signature check design which is recognized globally. Burberry has a huge base of loyal customers who love its products for its prevalent design aspects. Over the years, Burberry’s check design has bec ome prestigious, serving as an icon of status, class, tradition, and luxury. Market Positioning The characteristics of a market are assessed through various models such as analysis of Porter’s five forces of competitors’ analysis. Here, we view Burberry’s market positioning through its competitors analysis. Burberry’s products include ‘continuity products’ which have a product life cycle of a few years, and ‘fashion products’ which are designed to respond to a fashion trend. Therefore, the market positioning of the Burberry is unique and varies as it targets trendy as well as classic customers. Burberry targets all its customers through a common theme of ‘functional luxury’. Burberry’s main competitors include Coach, Armani, Gucci, and Polo, all of which are among top fashion brands in UK and globally. Coach and Gucci, both are more focused towards fashion accessories while Polo and Armani are more focused towards apparels; although all have a range of products in both apparel and accessory categories. Strategic Management The resource base view of strategy emphasizes upon a company’s internal capabilities in formulating strategies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in its market (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). It also deals with the competitive environment faced by an organization, but from an inside-out approach which implies that the strategy’s starting point is the internal environment. On the other hand, the market-based view emphasizes upon strategy being based on the market positioning of a company (Rumelt, 1991). In order to sustain the company’s current success and maintain its competitive advantage, Burberry should focus on a resource based strategy. It implies that Burberry should continue its effort in maintaining its iconic luxury brand status and built upon its brand equity. The company has a history of more than 150 years of establishment, with having served the British soldiers in the World War I, and having received two Royal Warrants; all of which attach a strong sense of ‘Britishness’ with the brand. In addition to its brand equity, the company has a unique resource in terms of a specialized product line i.e. its iconic ‘trench coat’ with a unique complementary social media marketing communication platform. Additionally, the company has initiated a unique way of promoting its brand through fashion shows which serves not only as a marketing but a sales channel as well. Burberry should keep up its efforts for continuous innovation and promotion for its product. Furthermore, the company has a signature check design that symbolizes Burberry’s status of a classic and luxurious brand. The company should hold on to its signature check design, and apply it to its new product lines. Conclusion Burberry should deploy and develop these unique resources to compete effectively within its current market. Burberry should capitalize upon its high brand equity to develop and enhance new product lines such as home decor, children’s wear, cosmetics and perfumes, all of which are currently being offered by its competitors in its existing market. With Burberry having a foothold in both, apparels and accessories product categories, a further diversification of its products portfolio would put the company in a better position to grab a bigger market share against its competitors. Although Burberry’s expansion into current and new markets over the years has affected the company’s growth and profitability, the company’s success can be largely attributed to its unique resources and capabilities. These unique resources coupled with other managerial, production and distribution capabilities, have served as the company’s’ underlying success factors a nd should be continually utilized for its future strategic development. References Design Counsil (2012) Christopher Bailey: The Art of The Trench. {online} http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/about-design/Types-of-design/Fashion-and-textile-design/Burberry/ (cited on 22nd April, 2012) Instyle. (2012) Burberry {online} http://www.instyle.com/instyle/fashiondesigners/keymoments/0,,20226013_burberry_20236334,00.html (cited on 22nd April, 2012) Johnson, G. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy. Pearson Education India Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2006). â€Å"The Environment†, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th edition. Prentice Hall: United Kingdom. Prahalad, K. and Hamel, G. (1990) The Core Competence of Organization. Harvard Business Review. 68(3), 79-91. Moore, C. and Birtwistle, G. (2004) Creating an international luxury fashion brand International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 32 (8), pp. 412-422 Rumelt, R. P. (1991). How much does industry matterStrategic Management Journal, 12(3): 167-185. Stocks Challenge. (2012) UK StockChallenge {online} http://www.stockchallenge.co.uk/ (cited on 22nd April, 2012). The Telegraph (2011) Burberry profits jump 40pc on emerging markets demand. {online} http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8537307/Burberry-profits-jump-40pc-on-emerging-markets-demand.html (cited on 22nd April, 2012) How to cite Strategic Analysis of Burberry Plc, Essay examples

Jehovahs Witnesses True Religion or Cult Essay Example Essay Example

Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Example Paper Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Introduction Term Paper – Studying Culture Culutural Anthropology (ANT 5) Jehovah’s Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Jehovah’s Witnesses is a set of beliefs and traditions, that it should be considered a religion. Sometimes the beliefs that Witnesses hold dear to them puts them at odds with mainstream society. While millions around the world practice the religion of being a Jehovah’s Witness, is this a true religion or a cult. I believe a religion is a set of stories, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural quality. In a sense, Jehovah’s Witnesses are indeed a part of a particular religion, and from an objective and understanding standpoint, it should be considered as is. They have their own beliefs and traditions, rituals and prayers that really distinguish them from other religions, hence making them their own religion. Charles Taze Russell who officially founded Jehovah’s Witnesses, also known as the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Societ y in 1884. Jehovah Witness leadership claims its members by asserting itself to be the sole Christian religion and authority on the earth today, as well as God’s mouthpiece or prophet. They are encouraged to go door to door sharing their beliefs of the religion and inviting potential new members to come and fellowship with them. Growing up this action would always annoy me, because it seemed like they were pushing a particular religion on people. But that no different from the Christian missionaries when you think about it. Jehovah’s Witnesses has a set of different beliefs and traditions than what is normally taught in other Christian religions. My step-father grew up following the Witness religion, his family still practices but he has converted to Christianity. Jehovah’s Witnesses do not believe in the Trinity, they also do not believe that Jesus is God in the flesh. They add the word â€Å"other† four times to Colossians 1:16, 17, teaching that Christ was God’s first creation, i. e. , the reincarnation of Michael the archangel created by Jehovah, rather than the Creator. † says Rodney Kirkland, when asked what makes Jehovah’s Witness religion different from Christianity. I decided to call my step-father because he knew a lot about the religion, but he could be unbiased. Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Body Paragraphs Jehovah’s Witnesses believe Jehovah transferred the life force and the personality pattern of his first-born heavenly son, Michael, to the womb of Mary. God’s own active force, his holy spirit, safeguarded the development of the child in Mary’s womb so that what was born was a â€Å"perfect human†. â€Å"Jehovah’s Witnesses are expected to spend five hours a week doing door-to-door visitation and are responsible for selling twelve subscriptions to The Watchtower magazine each month, and are responsible for conducting a Bible study each month in the homes of the people they convert. I hated this growing up, like it something a kid shouldn’t have to be apart of. † says Kirkland. According to Jehovah’s Witnesses’ theology, a person has one of three possible destinies. The Anointed will be in heaven to reign with Jehovah God. The rest of the faithful Jehovah’s Witnesses will live forever on a paradise Earth. They belie ve Jehovah God will destroy those people who are not members of the Watchtower organization. Hearing things like that it sounds like something out of Harry Potter. There is no concept of eternal punishment or hell in Watchtower theology. They also believe that men will have a second chance, after death, to be saved. That’s kind of sexiest if you ask me, but that typical is most religion. Women are rarely on the same level as men. Jehovah’s Witnesses deny the immortality of the soul. They do not believe the soul can exist apart from the body, but that a corpse remains in an unconscious state in the grave waiting for the resurrection. They claim that â€Å"hell† is the grave. Jehovah’s Witnesses will not accept blood for any reason. This raises a lot of eye brows in the medical world, because sometimes this could mean life or death. However, they are allowed to have all the component parts of blood plasma. Jehovah’s Witnesses do not celebrate any hol idays or birthdays. â€Å"When I was younger I would go into hiding around the holidays. We didn’t celebrate anything in my house. I didn’t even get a damn cake on my birthday. The most we would do is celebrate a wedding anniversary. † states Rodney. They believe that this is a concept that the world started and it is not stated in the â€Å"New Translation Bible† that they are to do anything that is not written for them to do. Jehovah’s Witnesses go to the extreme to promote their so-called â€Å"beliefs,† making them technically â€Å"outside of the mainstream. † In this sense, they have a lot of negative images and attention. Even so, they could just as well be classified as a cult, merely because of the extent to which they carry out their practices. Please do not be offended by this. However, when a group claims to be the prophet of God, yet mistranslates the Bible, takes verses out of context, makes false prophecies, and misquot es all to make its position valid, its credibility is lost. It cannot be from God. Claiming that people must â€Å"come to Jehovah’s organization for salvation† the Watch Tower Society places great pressure on Jehovah’s Witnesses to perform according to their guidelines. I have very strong views towards this religion because it was so close to me, but I never understood it. I decided to put my foot where my mouth is and go out with my step-grandmother and her â€Å"sisters† on one of their door to door outings. Most of the women were actually sweet and inviting but not all of them. I was treated like an outsider because they were aware of my research party. I wasn’t able to go up to the door an actually hear what they were saying, which was fine with me. I did witness the slamming of the doors, the rudeness from the Philadelphia citizens of North Philadelphia. I did notice that Jehovah’s Witnesses is a predominately African-American religion . I wonder why is that? The most popular Jehovah’s Witness family would have to the Jacksons. But they aren’t highly favored by the whole Jehovah’s Witness community, due to their music and their appearances. â€Å"My mother hated when I would listen to Janet Michael Jackson. She always would say ‘those aren’t real Witnesses’, I never understood her until I got older. † states Rodney Kirkland’s younger brother John Kirkland Jr. I reached out to John because he still practices the religion down in Orlando, Florida. Witnesses are forbidden to serve in the military, salute the flag, say the pledge of allegiance, vote in elections, take blood transfusions, celebrate birthdays and holidays including Thanksgiving, Easter, and Christmas, and are forbidden to read literature critical of the organization. Over the years, Jehovah’s Witnesses have also been discouraged from associating with non-Jehovah’s Witness friends, par ticipating in after school activities such as sports, and furthering their education by going to college. From door to door preaching, the refusal of blood transfusions, and the ignorance and dismissal of the requirements of military service, they have truly alienated themselves and singled themselves out from the other â€Å"main religions† of the world. In general, a Cult typically refers to a cohesive social group devoted to beliefs or practices that the surrounding population considers to be outside the mainstream. In 1950, the Watch Tower Society came out with their own translation of the Bible, the New World Translation. Jehovah’s Witnesses are told that this translation is the most accurate, unbiased translation available. The Society claims that the New World Translation Committee was made up of highly trained Greek scholars who did their best to â€Å"transmit his God’s thoughts and declarations as accurately as possible. However, when one attempts to check into the credentials of these translators, one finds that the Society is unwilling to release this information, stating that the Committee desires that all the glory for this translation go to Jehovah God and therefore the translators desire to remain anonymous. Over the years, further investigation has revealed who the translators of the New World Translation were, and the facts show that they were totally unqualified for the task of translation. Five of the six Watchtower Governing Body members who were on the Translation Committee had no formal training whatsoever in the Biblical languages. Like all non-Christian cults, the Jehovah’s Witness organization distorts the essential documents of Christianity. It denies the life of Christ, His physical resurrection, and salvation by grace. This alone makes it non-Christian. As a Jehovah’s Witness, you are only encouraged to study what the Watchtower and Awake magazines tell you to study. That means you cannot really check up on its false prophecies on your own. Instead, you must trust what it tells. When someone disagrees with them, they are conditioned to reflect on what the Watchtower has told them. They are strongly encouraged to have friends and acquaintances that are only Jehovah’s Witnesses, thereby keeping outside examination to a minimum. They are told to shun those who leave their group, that way; there is no way to see why someone has left and no way to find out that they are in error from those who have found the truth in Christ. â€Å"My family wasn’t that supportive of my marriage to your mother because she wasn’t Jehovah’s Witness. Since my family is more easy going since times have changed so much, they ended up coming around. But some people that grew up with don’t talk to me anymore because of my choices† says Rodney. They are conditioned to shy away from any real biblically knowledgeable person. The Jehovah’s Witnesses consider themselves to be Christians because they believe they are serving the true and living God. Like many cults, they think they are the only true church on earth. The Jehovah’s Witnesses are discouraged from looking into Jehovah’s Witness history. Lies and suppression of facts are common in politics and business, but one expects to find honesty in those who claim to be speaking for God. You do not have to go to church to be religious in my opinion. I was raised Baptist and consider myself more spiritual than religious. In a nation more inclined toward belief than dependence, religious observance is a matter of private choice. It cannot be compelled by the state or by an established church. Works Cited Ankerberg, John, and John Weldon. The Facts On Jehovah’s Witnesses. Eugene, Or. : Harvest House, 1988. Print. Clark, Daniel. I, Witness: The Shocking Insider’s Story of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Englewood, Colo. : Villa, 2007. Print. We will write a custom essay sample on Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jehovahs Witnesses: True Religion or Cult Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Gone with Wind The Ideas of the Civil War in the Movie

Gone with Wind The Ideas of the Civil War in the Movie There are so many movies, which present rather captivating and educative information about the Civil War. Some of them focus on loving affairs during the times of the war; some movies touch upon the historical issues and battles; and some movies just concentrate on certain situations and events in order to represent the peculiarities, which are inherent to wars.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gone with Wind: The Ideas of the Civil War in the Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of these movies are Gettysburg, The Birth of a Nation, Gods and Generals, The Red Badge of Courage, and Gone with the Wind; the last movie deserves our attention in this paper, because of numerous reasons. Gone with the Wind is a historical movie about the War between the States, the Reconstruction, and the inequality that was inherent to those times with all its cruelty and unfairness. With the help of this movie, people can easily ob serve that slavery and racism were considered to be one of the most integral parts of the Civil War. The epic drama under consideration is about the life of Scarlet O’Hara, a fictional character, during a certain period of time – before the times of the Civil War till the times of Reconstruction. First, the movie presents a clear picture of pre-Civil War life: its every day problems, balls, public meetings, etc. Of course, people faced certain difficulties caused by racial and ethnical inequality: black people had to work and be slavers for white ones. However, these problems turned out to be nothing in comparison to the events, which are waiting for them in near future. The Civil War frustrated so many dreams, and no one could overcome the difficulties. To my mind, Scarlet O’Hara is one of those characters, who helps to comprehend how serious and terrible the war and its outcomes are. At the beginning of the movie, when Scarlet is flirting with the twins, she j ust cannot comprehend why so many people are constantly talking about the upcoming war. She finds this war simple, stupid, and unnecessary. However, with time, when this stupid war takes so many loved people, Scarlet cannot but be angry with it. She does not know what to do and how to save her family and herself. When the Civil War starts, we see that Scarlet helps numerous people, who have been injured during the actions. She tears to pieces her dress in order to bind the wounds; she tries to hold on herself and be useful to people. This transformation from a young girl, who does not care about the war and its outcomes into a woman, who is ready to kill in order to protect her house and her family, a woman, who can overcome numerous troubles in order to help and save or relief someone’s life.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without any doubts, the Civil War caus ed numerous stresses and pressure on people. Those people, who want to continue their lives and save their children’s future, have to be strong, have to be courage. So, first of all, Gone with the Wind helps to comprehend the emotional level of the Civil War and the Reconstructions: people’s emotions, troubles, tears, and lives, which were taken by the war. However, emotional aspect of the war is not the only one that is perfectly described in the movie. Historical events should be also mentioned in this discussion. This masterpiece gives a clear picture of the South; this Civil War saga and the description of a woman, who represents poverty, wealth, war, and war’s consequences, demonstrate the historical development of the events. In this movie, it may really seem that Yankees are quite good people, and the representatives of the Confederation turn out to be evil. However, in the process of watching it, we can realize that Yankee are not that safe and kind, and they are the people, who are ready to spoil all Confederates’ gentility. Gone with the Wind is considered to be a worthwhile piece of writing that touches the minds and souls of millions of people. In fact, it is not my opinion only. Lots of critics have the same point of view and share it with the readers and listeners. â€Å"The perfect story for a nation that had just struggled through an economic depression, it attract readers and viewers everywhere.† (Young 213) The point is that the writer of the novel and the director of the movie made a wonderful attempt to use true facts and unite them with the fictional ones. In fact, Sherman’s troops were on their way to the Carolinas, however, in the movie, they return to Atlanta, and this fact does not coincide with the reality. Of course, there are certain misunderstandings, which take place between the reality and the fiction that was created by ordinary people. â€Å"Eventually, the cultural/nationalistic divis ion between North and South becomes rather confused; in the second part of the film, an intertitle speaks of white Northern and Southern veterans coming together against African Americans ‘in common defense of their Ayran birthday.† (Stokes 181) Well, I cannot but agree that the historical information, presented in the movie, is not really reliable. However, I also cannot but mention that it is a story not about the Civil War only. This movie helps us to see what made people go to actions and give their lives for safer future. There were so many circumstances, which had to be taken into consideration, in order to realize that the war was not a simple obligation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gone with Wind: The Ideas of the Civil War in the Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was something more that touched so many people. Freedom and independence – these are the two things, which any pers on appreciates most of all. During the Civil War, black people wanted to find their independence and become free. So much blood, so many tears, and so many lives†¦ Because of such terrible outcomes, the results could not disappoint people, and we and our future generation should be proud of those actions, which were taken during the times of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Gone with the Wind is regarded to be one of the best epic movies about love, lost, hate, and war. People cannot avoid certain things and cannot influence their development. Wars are the things, which can be caused by several people, and other millions of people will be suffered from them, losing their relatives, lovers, and friends. Beautiful actors, great play, and interesting settings – all this make the movie worthy of attention and admiration. People should have a chance to know more about the Civil War that was crucially important in the life of every American. Watching the movie is one of the w ays to become aware of the historical facts. In fact, the wars have nothing pleasant to share with people, this is why a bit of fiction and attention to other interesting for people details will certainly make watching any historical movie more captivating and easier. Stokes, Melvyn. D. W. Griffith’s: The Birth of a Nation: A History of â€Å"the Most Controversial Motion Picture of all Time. Oxford University press US, 2007. Young, William, H. The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.

How to Use If and Only If in Mathematics

How to Use 'If and Only If' in Mathematics When reading about statistics and mathematics, one phrase that regularly shows up is â€Å"if and only if.† This phrase particularly appears within statements of mathematical theorems or proofs. But what, precisely, does this statement mean? What Does If and Only If Mean in Mathematics? To understand â€Å"if and only if,† we must first know what is meant by a conditional statement. A conditional statement is one that is formed from two other statements, which we will denote by P and Q. To form a conditional statement, we could say â€Å"if P then Q.† The following are examples of this kind of statement: If it is raining outside, then I take my umbrella with me on my walk.If you study hard, then you will earn an A.If n is divisible by 4, then n is divisible by 2. Converse and Conditionals Three other statements are related to any conditional statement. These are called the converse, inverse, and the contrapositive. We form these statements by changing the order of P and Q from the original conditional and inserting the word â€Å"not† for the inverse and contrapositive. We only need to consider the converse here. This statement is obtained from the original by saying â€Å"if Q then P.† Suppose we start with the conditional â€Å"if it is raining outside, then I take my umbrella with me on my walk.† The converse of this statement is â€Å"if I take my umbrella with me on my walk, then it is raining outside.† We only need to consider this example to realize that the original conditional is not logically the same as its converse. The confusion of these two statement forms is known as a converse error. One could take an umbrella on a walk even though it may not be raining outside. For another example, we consider the conditional â€Å"If a number is divisible by 4 then it is divisible by 2.† This statement is clearly true. However, this statement’s converse â€Å"If a number is divisible by 2, then it is divisible by 4† is false. We only need to look at a number such as 6. Although 2 divides this number, 4 does not. While the original statement is true, its converse is not. Biconditional This brings us to a biconditional statement, which is also known as an if and only if statement. Certain conditional statements also have converses that are true. In this case, we may form what is known as a biconditional statement. A biconditional statement has the form: †If P then Q, and if Q then P.† Since this construction is somewhat awkward, especially when P and Q are their own logical statements, we simplify the statement of a biconditional by using the phrase if and only if. Rather than say if P then Q, and if Q then P we instead say P if and only if Q. This construction eliminates some redundancy. Statistics Example For an example of the phrase â€Å"if and only if† that involves statistics, look no further than a fact concerning the sample standard deviation. The sample standard deviation of a data set is equal to zero if and only if all of the data values are identical. We break this biconditional statement into a conditional and its converse. Then we see that this statement means both of the following: If the standard deviation is zero, then all of the data values are identical.If all of the data values are identical, then the standard deviation is equal to zero. Proof of Biconditional If we are attempting to prove a biconditional, then most of the time we end up splitting it. This makes our proof have two parts. One part we prove is â€Å"if P then Q.† The other part of the proof we need is â€Å"if Q then P.† Necessary and Sufficient Conditions Biconditional statements are related to conditions that are both necessary and sufficient. Consider the statement â€Å"if today is Easter, then tomorrow is Monday.† Today being Easter is sufficient for tomorrow to be Monday, however, it is not necessary. Today could be any Sunday other than Easter, and tomorrow would still be Monday. Abbreviation The phrase â€Å"if and only if† is used commonly enough in mathematical writing that it has its own abbreviation. Sometimes the biconditional in the statement of the phrase â€Å"if and only if† is shortened to simply â€Å"iff.† Thus the statement â€Å"P if and only if Q† becomes â€Å"P iff Q.†

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program Research Proposal

Using the I Can Problem Solve Program - Research Proposal Example ICPS Program teaches the critical thinking skills children require to solve problems on their own. After receiving this program, children learn to generate solution and alternative solutions to problems. They learn to go one step ahead and think of the situation that will arise once the decision is taken. Ability to plan properly the steps to be taken to reach the main goal is developed on their own. How? Here, students are helped to solve problems on their own by using real life situations and using fun and exciting methods such as using colorful pictures, puppets etc. Discussions among groups of students and role plays are also done during the program to help them understand and come up with various solutions and alternative solutions to situational problems .They are then allowed to find out for themselves which would be the best solution to the problem considering the consequences. The program teaches students basic skills and problem solving language. They learn word concepts, how to identify problems, come up with solutions, find out factors behind problems, generate alternate solutions and also study consequences. Children learn to be sensitive. They recognize not only one’s own feelings but also others. Children tend to be empathetic and understand problems others face from their point of view. And hence they are able to respond to others problems and influence th eir responses in turn. Children become better decision makers. Many role plays are conducted during this program enacting problematic situations. They are requested to come up with solutions and alternative solutions to such situational problems. And they finally choose the best solution on their own after studying the consequences to their decisions. This enables them to manage and solve everyday problems more effectively. Relating lessons learned to other areas, extension activities, activity sheets and other interactive activities are included.

Finance Markets and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance Markets and Risk - Essay Example The intention of this study is systemic risk that is ushered by unforeseen incidents that amplify uncertainty unimaginably and damage the liquidity of the market at a rapid phase. Illiquidity results in â€Å"prices gaps† in respective markets and in the pricing of a particular asset. The related pressure later extends to the liquidity of funding of financial institutions around the world that are assisting those independent markets. Illiquidity in markets sequentially can result in potentially momentous real economic impacts, thus warrant policy action, particularly by central banks. As per IMF (International Monetary Fund), BIS (Bank for International Settlements) and FSB (Financial Standard Board), systemic financial risk is one, which is associated with the peril of risk of disruption to financial services that (a) is happened by a destruction of whole or parts of the financial system and has the probable to have the worst negative outcome for real economy. During Septembe r 2008, AIG borrowed from the Federal Reserve System an $85 billion two-year loan that too at a penalty rate, which has been termed as ever known the rescue of one of the globe’s major insurers. In return for the rescue operation, Fed received a 79.9% of shares in the AIG. At the time, the investment banking arm of AIG witnessed a systemic risk emanating from its credit default swap (CDS) business. The failure of one firm may not impact its rivals as is happening in the most sectors of the economy nor does it result in market failures. However, in the financial sector, there is an impending peril that the breakdown of any major financial market or institution may result in the adverse impacts on the whole financial system more likely. In several associated channels, such systemic risk can be in operation, if there is a mishap in a specific financial institution. All the depositors of a bank will be in panic and will rush to get back their deposits when the depositors lose the ir trust, if a typical bank run occurs. The banking system of a nation as a whole may be in jeopardy if rumour spreads about the fate of the remaining banks of a nation. The bank runs vulnerability can be a reality typically as there will be a maturity mismatch between their assets and liabilities. The banking system might have invested in long-term debts like loans to households and businesses, whereas they might have accepted deposits from their customer on the demand basis. Even a healthy bank may have chance to witness a bank run despite the fact that its assets would have more value than its liabilities, but a credit crunch may occur if there is premature withdrawal of deposits suddenly by bank customers. Thus, even a solvent bank can witness a liquidity crunch, despite the fact that the liquidity issues may mirror concerns about bank’s solvency. However, there are some risk-aversion strategies, which are in place like lender-of-last-resort facilities and deposit insuran ce, which make the possibility of bank run as a mirage. Short-term deposits are available from one bank to another bank through interbank transactions, and this occupies sizeable quantum of their business transactions. However, at times of liquidity crunch, associations between banks may witness jolts to proliferate through the system. For instance, Barclays bank has provided short-term credit to ANZ bank, then, concerns of default by ANZ bank might jeopardise to the stability of Barclays bank. Such similitude vulnerabilities are regarded to be one of the main causes why the alarm can spread between banks in such scenarios. In such situations, inter-banking lending will come to a halt due to

Violence in the American Workplace Essay -- Business Management Essays

Violence in the American Workplace The American workplace has become a battle ground. Each year thousands of worker’s fall victim to workplace violence, or are at least threatened with acts of violence. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Workplace violence has emerged as an important safety and health issue in today's workplace. It's most extreme form, homicide, is the second leading cause of fatal occupational injury in the United States. Nearly 1,000 workers are murdered, and 1.5 million are assaulted in the workplace each year. The threat of violence in the workplace is a growing phenomena that affects all levels of the work force from taxi drivers to stock traders. According to information provided by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Crime, harassment, and internal violence has created a strikingly visible safety and health problem for the workplace. Recent figures from NIOSH and the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that people at work are increasingly exposed to lethal violence. Homicide accounts for 17% of all deaths in the workplace. It was the leading cause of death for women in the workplace in ..... These figures, now well publicized, create a perception that the workplace is not safe. The picture of the angry worker bent on revenge has become the symbol for the sense of betrayal and loss felt by the American worker in the face of the sweeping changes affecting all levels of the workforce. We must now add to this the frightening picture of gas station attendants, store clerks, and taxi drivers who are dying at work in unacceptably high numbers. Although crime statistics are dropping nationally across the board, violence in the workplace... ...o. 8, Pg. 54 - 57, August 1998, American Hospital Publishing, Inc. Fesseden, Ford, et al. "Rampage Killer’s: A Statistical Portrait". New York Times 9 April 20000, pg. 1, col. 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Web Page; http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/violcont.htm; Current Intelligence Bulletin 57: Violence in the Workplace. Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies. July1996, n.p. National Crime Center for Victims of Crime Infolink Web Page; http://207.222.132.10/infolink/info54.htm. Infolink: Workplace Violence - Employer Information. March 8, 2000, n.p. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Web Page; http://www.osha.gov/oshinfo/priorities/violence.html. n.d., n.p. Robinson, Janet L. "10 Facts Every Employer Should Know About Workplace Violence", Smart Business Supersite. Internet Search Engine: Google.com, n.d., n.p.

Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid

The objective of this experiment was to observe multi-step purification of benzoic acid after performing the extraction from a mixture containing benzoic acid, cellulose, and methyl orange. Recrystallization was done to remove impurities from the sample. The amount of BA recovered during recrystallization is much less than the extracted amount of BA. The difference between the pure and impure samples was observed by comparison of melting points. It was found that impure samples will have a lower and wider melting point range.The experiment performed was important because it provides important knowledge about the chemical nature and reactivity’s of various compounds that can be used in everyday life. Introduction Now that the desired compound is extracted, it still contains impurities. These impurities can be removed through a process called recrystallization. Recrystallization is a method for purifying solid compounds which are frequently the products of organic reactions. Thi s theory is based on three important concepts. The first is that a compound is always more soluble in hot solvents than in cold solvents.Secondly, molecules have unique solubility properties. Lastly, a growing crystal will only accept similar entities into its lattice. This is related to the crystal lattice theory which states crystal formation is anti-entropic based on the equation ? G =? H-T? S. There are three stages of solubility: collision, dissociation, and solvation. In order to raise the probability of collision between the solute and solvent, heat is added to the system. When this occurs, the solute will attack the crystalline structure of the solute and start dissociation. As dissociation continues until all the molecules are free, solvation occurs.Choosing the right solvent is important when considering recrystallization. The solute must have a high temperature coefficient in the solvent: it must be soluble at high temperatures and insoluble at low temperatures, satisfyin g the first principle stated above. Also the boiling point of the solvent must be lower than the melting point of the solute. This will ensure that the solute dissolves in the solvent and does not melt. The solvent must also be inert to prevent chemical interactions with the solute. Impurities must either be readily dissolved in the solvent or be insoluble.The solvent must also be volatile, and finally, it would be beneficial to the experimenter if the solvent is relatively inexpensive. Once the color and most impurities are removed, the crystals can be formed in the solution through a process called nucleation. Nucleation can be induced by slowly cooling the solution to room temperature. It is important to do this slowly so that small solute resembling impurities do not enter the crystal lattice, as described by the third principle of recrystallization. Chemists often add already pure crystals of the solute to the solution in order to provide a pre-formed lattice for other molecule s to enter.This is called seeding. Scratching the glass container in which the solution is contained with a glass stir rod will also induce nucleation on microscopic glass particles. The concept of scratching is similar to that of seeding. Finally, nucleation can be induced by cooling the solution farther in an ice bath; however, this is only a last resort option due to its least efficiency to bring forth crystals. The crystallized solute can then be collected by vacuum filtration. There is a difference observed in the physical properties of the pure compound and the impure mixture. One of the tests of purity is melting point.Melting point is an intrinsic, or intensive, property; the value is independent of the quantity of the substance. Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes physical state from solid to liquid. Because the substance will have a certain shape and surface area exposure, there will be a time interval in which the melting occurs. Thus, it is more accurate to refer to this as melting range. Melting range encompasses the temperature at which the first particles can be seen turning from solid to liquid until all the sample is in the liquid state. Purer samples have smaller melting ranges.Perfectly pure compounds will have ranges of only 1-2 °C. Impurities lower melting point below literature values and also widen the range between which melting occurs. New techniques and equipment used were used during both parts of the purification process. Activated charcoal was used to adsorb impure colored products. Gravity filtration was used to remove insoluble products which were impurities. Fluted filter paper was used to catch more of the impurities. A heating mantel was introduced during recrystallization. It is a heat source used for solutions. For determining the melting point of benzoic acid, a Mel-Temp apparatus was use.It is used for determining when a small amount of a solid begins to melt and when the melting ends while reco rding the temperatures, respectively. Experimental: Recrystallization Lab: Initially, took a small amount of impure BA to the side for following week’s lab. The impure BA crystals were weighed, using an analytical balance, and then placed in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. 200 mL of water was boiled (with boiling stones) in a 250 mL round bottom flask using a heating mantel. The boiled water was added slowly to the benzoic acid crystals. Only enough water was added to dissolve the BA crystals.For the rest of the lab the Erlenmeyer flask was kept on a steam bath. Charcoal was added to the BA solution and then gravity filtered using a funnel with fluted filter paper. The filtrate was collected in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. If color in the BA solution still remained then charcoal should be added again. The BA solution was removed from the steam bath and cooled, preferably on a window sill. If crystals did not form while cooling on window sill, use another method to induce nucleation to the start the formation of crystals. The crystals were collects by vacuum filtration and placed on a watch glass to dry.Melting Point of Benzoic Acid: A melting point tube was loaded with BA crystals by inverting the tube into the BA crystals on the watch glass. The tube was packed by dropping through a funnel. The Mel-Temp apparatus was used to determine the melting point range. A rapid melting range experiment was done first and then a slow melting range experiment was carried out to get a better range. Results: Recrystallization lab: Observations: Not much charcoal was used to adsorb the colored molecules The BA crystals were small, shiny, flaky, and white. Almost comparable to texture of dandruff. Data: Mass of extracted Benzoic Acid = 2. 3 g Mass of recrystallized Benzoic Acid = 1. 84 g Calculations: Percent (%) recovery =(weight after recrystalization)/(mass crude BA) ? 100 Percent (%) recovery =(1. 84 g)/(2. 43 g) ? 100=75. 72% Melting Point lab: Observations: Once the ben zoic acid began to melt, it happened very quickly.It was hard was difficult to watch the melting and recording the start and end temperature. The crude BA had a lower and wider melting point range. Data: Melting Point Ranges RunCrude (Impure) Benzoic Acid ( °C)Purified Benzoic Acid ( °C) Fast 110. 2-118. 4 at 4. 5 selectivity (Range: 8. 2)115. 4-118. 5 at 4 selectivity(Range: 3. ) Slow113. 2-117. 3 selectivity (Range:4. 1)117. 5-120. 0 selectivity (Range: 2. 5) Discussion ; The goal of recrystallization and determining melting point labs were to explore the techniques used to obtain pure samples from desired compounds. After the extraction the goal was to recrystallize the benzoic acid and determine the percent recovery. Then the goal was to determine the melting point range of the recrystallized benzoic acid and compare it to the melting range of the small sample of the impure benzoic acid. 1. 84 grams of pure benzoic acid was obtained, which was calculated to be 75. 2% from th e 2. 43 grams of impure benzoic acid.The percent recovery from the impure sample shows that about three fourths of the sample was able to be collected as pure benzoic acid, and that 0. 59 g of the impure benzoic acid was impurities. From this the experimenter can infer that the pure benzoic acid accounted for most of the mass or that little benzoic acid was lost with the removal of the impurities. Also, there is always a chance that some of the benzoic acid may have remained in the solution instead of crystallizing. Also, using an ice-bath to induce nucleation could have lowered my results or recrystallization because it was the last resort to crystalize the solute. Maybe adding too much charcoal could have adsorbed some of the solute. The charcoal was used to adsorb any of the cellulose (which is the reason for the color) that was left behind. Not too much charcoal was actually used; however, my benzoic acid solution did not have much color so charcoal may not have been needed.Note that the initial value for percent recovery is slightly less than the extracted mass because of the impure benzoic acid set aside for the melting point comparison. The total composition from the very first starting benzoic acid mixture is only 44. 2% (1. 84 grams / 4. 17 grams). Considering practical purposes of recrystallization, one comes to realize how important it is to make this processes as efficient as possible to save money and gain as much product as possible, for example with ibuprofen purification for the pharmaceutical industry. The purity of the sample is shown by the melting range. As expected, the pure benzoic acid had the smallest melting point range of 2. 5 °C. From this, one can tell that this sample was not perfectly pure because pure compounds have melting point ranges of less than 1 °C.There may have been some impurities left in the sample since activated charcoal was not used for this sample. Human error while scraping the impure mixture from the funnel an d also from the Erlenmeyer flask would result in a decreased yield. Also, the nucleation may have had some impurity particles collect in the lattice when recrystallizing. After performing the rapid and slow experiment, the temperatures (especially for the pure BA) were not similar. This was probably due to what is called thermometer lag. If the Mel-Temp apparatus’ selectivity was higher than the temperature readings were not as accurate as the slow experiment.The actual value for the melting range coincides with the literature value of 122. 4 °C given in the reagent table. The impure sample, however, had a significantly larger melting range of 4. 1 °C. Also, the impure sample had a lower temperature. This is because impurities disrupt lattice forces and decrease the energy required to break the intermolecular bonds between benzoic acid molecules. One way that this experiment could have been improved is to have more space to perform the various steps in the lab. A lot of t he mistakes and errors committed (i. e. pillage) were due to crowding of various equipment that were closely packed next to each other. Overall, theses labs were a success be the experimenter was able to achieve the goals of each lab. The benzoic acid was able to recrystallize and the melting point was fairly close to the literature value even with possible errors performed in lab.Works Cited Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Thurs. 7 Oct. 2010. Zubrick, James. The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual. 6th. Pittsburgh: John Wiley & Son, Inc. , 2008. Print. Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Objective To purify benzoic acid by recrystallization and gain experience with a basic organic laboratory techniques. Background Products of chemical reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals, recrystallization, takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC HC CH C CH MgBr + CO2 + HCl HC HC HC CH C CH CO2H ClMgBr Benzoic acid, the chemical that we will be purifying, can be made by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide. When the product of that reaction is treated with hydrochloric acid, benzoic acid is formed. From the balanced chemical equation, it is clear that the benzoic acid will not be pure since the byproduct MgClBr, an ionic solid, forms at the same time the desired product forms. Benzoic acid can be separated from ionic solids because the materials have different solubilities in water. At room temperature, benzoic acid is not particularly soluble in water, whereas ionic solids like MgClBr are. Thus, adding water to the crude reaction products will dissolve the ionic solid, and nearly all of the benzoic acid will remain undissolved. If the suspension were filtered, much of the impurity would be washed away; however, the resulting product wouldn’t be as pure as a recrystallized product. To take advantage of the extra purity garnered by crystallization, all of the benzoic acid must be dissolved. On the other hand, the benzoic acid needs to come back out of solution to crystallize. Simply adding room-temperature water cannot accomplish this goal; once the benzoic acid is dissolved there would be no reason for it crystallize. Since benzoic acid is much more soluble in hot water as compared to cold, small amounts of hot water are added to dissolve the benzoic acid. If the hot, saturated, aqueous solution of benzoic acid is cooled, the solution becomes supersaturated, and the supersaturated solution crystallizes. Procedure 1. Obtain a sample of copper(II) sulfate contaminated benzoic acid. 2. Add approximately 0. g (record the actual mass) of the contaminated benzoic acid and 5 mL of water to a 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. 3. Warm the flask and its contents on a hot plate and slowly add near-boiling water to dissolve the solids. 4. Continue to warm the flask and add near-boiling water until all of the solids have disolved 5. Remove the flask from the hot plate and allow it to cool slowly on the bench top. Covering the flask with a beaker can help slow the rate at which the solution cools. After approximately twenty minutes, crystals will have formed. Cool the suspension further using an ice bath. If crystals have not formed after 20 minutes, there are a few techniques that can be used to coax the crystals out of solution. Often scratching the glass container with a glass rod will induce crystallization. Alternatively, a seed crystal can be obtained by evaporating a drop of the solution on the tip of a stirring rod or spatula. Returning this seed crystal to the super saturated solution will cause crystals to form. 6. Transfer the crystals to a Hirsch funnel, and filter the benzoic acid–water suspension. . Wash the benzoic acid crystals with ice-cold water by pouring ice-cold water over the crystals. 8. Dry the crystals on the Hirsch funnel; that is, allow the vacuum filtration system to draw air through the crystals until the mass of the crystals remains relatively constant. Place the benzoic acid in your drawer and allow it to dry completely. 9. While the benzoic acid is drying, evaporate the water from the aqueous CuSO4 s olution. Remember to add a magnetic stir bar to your flask to lower the risk of spattering. 10. Note the appearance of your CuSO4, and, if possible, record the mass of the CuSO4 that you obtained. 11. After allowing the benzoic acid crystals to dry for a week, determine the mass and the melting point of the benzoic acid. Experimental Report Write an â€Å"experimental† describing the procedure that you followed to recrystallize the benzoic acid. A first draft of the experimental is due one week after steps 1–10 have been completed. A final copy that includes the final mass and the melting point of the benzoic acid is due one week after step 11 is completed. Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid Objective To purify benzoic acid by recrystallization and gain experience with a basic organic laboratory techniques. Background Products of chemical reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals, recrystallization, takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC HC CH C CH MgBr + CO2 + HCl HC HC HC CH C CH CO2H ClMgBr Benzoic acid, the chemical that we will be purifying, can be made by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide. When the product of that reaction is treated with hydrochloric acid, benzoic acid is formed. From the balanced chemical equation, it is clear that the benzoic acid will not be pure since the byproduct MgClBr, an ionic solid, forms at the same time the desired product forms. Benzoic acid can be separated from ionic solids because the materials have different solubilities in water. At room temperature, benzoic acid is not particularly soluble in water, whereas ionic solids like MgClBr are. Thus, adding water to the crude reaction products will dissolve the ionic solid, and nearly all of the benzoic acid will remain undissolved. If the suspension were filtered, much of the impurity would be washed away; however, the resulting product wouldn’t be as pure as a recrystallized product. To take advantage of the extra purity garnered by crystallization, all of the benzoic acid must be dissolved. On the other hand, the benzoic acid needs to come back out of solution to crystallize. Simply adding room-temperature water cannot accomplish this goal; once the benzoic acid is dissolved there would be no reason for it crystallize. Since benzoic acid is much more soluble in hot water as compared to cold, small amounts of hot water are added to dissolve the benzoic acid. If the hot, saturated, aqueous solution of benzoic acid is cooled, the solution becomes supersaturated, and the supersaturated solution crystallizes. Procedure 1. Obtain a sample of copper(II) sulfate contaminated benzoic acid. 2. Add approximately 0. g (record the actual mass) of the contaminated benzoic acid and 5 mL of water to a 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. 3. Warm the flask and its contents on a hot plate and slowly add near-boiling water to dissolve the solids. 4. Continue to warm the flask and add near-boiling water until all of the solids have disolved 5. Remove the flask from the hot plate and allow it to cool slowly on the bench top. Covering the flask with a beaker can help slow the rate at which the solution cools. After approximately twenty minutes, crystals will have formed. Cool the suspension further using an ice bath. If crystals have not formed after 20 minutes, there are a few techniques that can be used to coax the crystals out of solution. Often scratching the glass container with a glass rod will induce crystallization. Alternatively, a seed crystal can be obtained by evaporating a drop of the solution on the tip of a stirring rod or spatula. Returning this seed crystal to the super saturated solution will cause crystals to form. 6. Transfer the crystals to a Hirsch funnel, and filter the benzoic acid–water suspension. . Wash the benzoic acid crystals with ice-cold water by pouring ice-cold water over the crystals. 8. Dry the crystals on the Hirsch funnel; that is, allow the vacuum filtration system to draw air through the crystals until the mass of the crystals remains relatively constant. Place the benzoic acid in your drawer and allow it to dry completely. 9. While the benzoic acid is drying, evaporate the water from the aqueous CuSO4 s olution. Remember to add a magnetic stir bar to your flask to lower the risk of spattering. 10. Note the appearance of your CuSO4, and, if possible, record the mass of the CuSO4 that you obtained. 11. After allowing the benzoic acid crystals to dry for a week, determine the mass and the melting point of the benzoic acid. Experimental Report Write an â€Å"experimental† describing the procedure that you followed to recrystallize the benzoic acid. A first draft of the experimental is due one week after steps 1–10 have been completed. A final copy that includes the final mass and the melting point of the benzoic acid is due one week after step 11 is completed.